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Cycling and walking for individual and population health benefits

a rapid evidence review for health and care system decision-makers

Laird, Y., Kelly, P., Brage, S., & Woodcock, J. (2018). Cycling and walking for individual and population health benefits: a rapid evidence review for health and care system decision-makers. 2018: Public Health England.

This review found that walking and cycling benefit health in a number of ways:

  • people who walk or cycle have improved metabolic health and a reduced risk of premature mortality
  • walking and cycling reduce the risk factors for a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, some cancers, and Type II diabetes
  • walking and cycling also have positive effects on mental health and general wellbeing. The mental health and neurological benefits include reduced risk of dementia, improved sleep quality, and a greater sense of wellbeing
  • in environmental terms, health benefits accrue for the general population from a reduction in pollution due to car use and a decrease in road congestion
  • the evidence is that the health benefits of walking and cycling outweigh any potential health risks and harms – for example from injury or pollution.

Uitgever(s): Public Health England,

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Yvonne Laird
Paul Kelly
Søren Brage
James Woodcock

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